The essay investigates the connection between the cultural dimension of landscape and the judicial evolution of this topic within some European judicial systems. The comparative approach underlies differences both in terms of landscape discipline and in evaluation of cultural aspects related with national identity, with some similarities among Neolatin and German meanings. In this diversified context the relevant international legislation constitutes a benchmark, in particular thanks to the provisions of the European Landscape Convention which defines the landscape focus on the perceptions of the populations who live it. More ambiguous are the provisions of the Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, although the ratification marks the recognition of cultural heritage as a factor for sustainable growth, human development and quality of life by introducing the “right to cultural heritage”.