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Kazimierz Feliks Kumaniecki (1905-1977), classical philologist. Born in Kraków, Kumaniecki studied classical philology at the Jagiellonian University and later in Berlin. In 1936, he became a Professor at the University of Warsaw, where he founded the Department of Classical Philology. During World War II, he was actively involved in the Polish resistance and, after the war, became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Between 1945 and 1946, he served as a representative of the Christian Democratic Party Stronnictwo Pracy in the State National Council. In 1964, Kumaniecki was among the signatories of the "Letter of 34", a petition signed by thirty-four prominent Polish intellectuals protesting against the cultural policies of the communist authorities, including the pervasive exercise of state censorship and restrictions on freedom of expression. Kumaniecki's scholarly interests encompassed ancient Greek and Latin literature, rhetoric, and the history of classical culture. He translated and commented on works by authors such as Cicero, Sallust, and Thucydides. Kumaniecki also compiled a Latin-Polish dictionary.